A tritrophic interaction model for an olive tree pest, the olive moth — Prays oleae (Bernard)

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is among the oldest and most widespread crops in Mediterranean basin. Portugal third producer European Union, Trás-os-Montes region, located northeastern Portugal, second Portuguese producing region. moth, Prays oleae (Bernard) (Lepidoptera: Praydidae) a key pest Trás-os-Montes. This natural host/prey of several organisms which include larvae generalist specialist parasitoids as well predators entomopathogens. Its abundant parasitoid Ageniaspis fuscicollis (Dalman) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) this, commonly followed by facultative hyperparasitoid Elasmus flabellatus (Fonscolombe) Eulophidae). Spiders represent relevant group agroecosystems encompass an important predatory action ability to reduce populations various insect pests. In this context, mathematical model, considering population two spider variables our system, was constructed. ecosystem steady states for feasibility stability were assessed. possible pesticide effects, that essentially extra mortality rates each one populations, potential abundance variations on their under climate change scenario included. Results indicate control agent A. but certain conditions E. or spiders may be contributors reduction. approach provide useful tool assist field researchers system its management.